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#1 |
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Bannato
Iscritto dal: Aug 2001
Città: Berghem Haven
Messaggi: 13526
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Conferma dell'ipotesi bosonica per i fotoni
http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/43083
Physicists in the US have carried out an extremely precise test of the one of the cornerstones of modern physics – the idea that the two types of fundamental particle, bosons and fermions, follow two distinct kinds of statistical behaviour. The laser-based experiment confirmed that photons behave according to Bose–Einstein statistics, narrowing the odds that photons could in fact be fermions by about a factor of 1000 compared with previous tests. Physics tells us that fundamental particles come in two basic varieties: bosons, which have integer values of intrinsic angular momentum or "spin", and fermions, which have half-integer spin. Bosons include force-carrying particles such as the photon, W and Z and follow Bose–Einstein statistics. An important consequence of this is that many identical bosons are free to occupy the same quantum state, leading to phenomena such as Bose–Einstein condensates and lasing. Fermions include the fundamental matter particles such as quarks and electrons and obey Fermi–Dirac behaviour. Identical fermions can never exist in the same quantum state, giving us the shell structure of atoms and, with it, chemistry. The principle that integer spin particles are governed by Bose–Einstein statistics while half-integer spin particles display Fermi–Dirac behaviour has been proved using the mathematics of quantum field theory. But some physicists, including the late Richard Feynman, have been troubled by the fact that there is no simple explanation for this connection and that it rests on many assumptions, some stated and others implicit. Indeed, it has been speculated that these assumptions may not hold in more general physical theories, such as string theory. Dmitry Budker and Damon English of the University of California at Berkeley decided they would test this principle, known as the spin-statistics theorem, as precisely as they could. They knew that the chances of disproving the theory were tiny, but reckoned it was important to carry out the experiment anyway. As Budker points out, the discovery of CP violation in particle physics was not anticipated and "didn't have any immediate theoretical appeal" but is now one of the main ingredients in explaining why the universe appears to contain vastly more matter than antimatter. "Our experiment is very high risk but very high pay-off," he says, "in that we are extremely unlikely to disprove the theory but if we did it would be a revolutionary discovery." Budker and English, together with Valeriy Yashchuk of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, investigated a particular kind of two-photon absorption by barium atoms in which the total angular momentum of the atoms shifts from zero to one. Quantum mechanics tells us that it is impossible to construct a two-particle wavefunction with a total angular momentum of one if the wavefunction is symmetrical (with respect to particle interchange) as is the case for identical bosons. In other words, if photons are bosons it should be impossible to carry out this particular absorption process for pairs of photons having the same frequency. The researchers fired two green laser beams from opposite directions into a beam of barium atoms contained within an optical cavity, with the combined energy of a photon pair (made up of one photon from each of the beams) equal to the barium absorption energy. They found that when the frequencies of the two beams were very slightly different to one another this absorption took place, which they observed by measuring the photons given off by the barium's subsequent de-excitation. But they observed no such absorption when the frequencies were identical – demonstrating that photons really are bosons. Budker and David DeMille, now at Yale University, published results from a similar experiment carried out in 1999, which also showed that photons behave as bosons. However, the latest test is much more precise, thanks to improvements in the experimental set up, and reduces the uncertainty in the result by over three orders of magnitude – proving the result to better than four parts in 1011 at a confidence level of 90%. According to Budker, the precision could be improved 100–1000 times by improving the stability of the lasers and enhancing the efficiency and reducing the noise of the photon detector. Practical benefits Budker adds that the experiment could even have practical benefits. He says that they have been able to measure a previously unobserved and extremely weak kind of two-photon transition enabled by hyperfine splitting, and that this transition could potentially be used in new kinds of atomic clocks. |
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#2 |
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Member
Iscritto dal: Dec 2002
Messaggi: 60
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si puo' riassumere con "confermato che i fotoni non hanno massa"?
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#3 |
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Member
Iscritto dal: Feb 2009
Città: Biellese
Messaggi: 84
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Beh i bosoni W e Z0 hanno una notevole massa,non mi pare quindi che una convalida di una maggior bosonaggine dei fotoni abbia una relazione diretta con una definizione di massa di quest'ultimi.
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Bach (Polonaise)-Bach (Badinerie)-Bach (Bourrèe)-Bach BWV 147-Il tè nel deserto-Pachelbel Canon in D major fantastic version Ultima modifica di frankytop : 03-07-2010 alle 21:21. |
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#4 | |
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Member
Iscritto dal: Dec 2002
Messaggi: 60
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Quote:
Anche perche' ho scoperto cosa sono bosoni e fermioni... leggendo questo post!
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#5 |
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Bannato
Iscritto dal: Aug 2001
Città: Berghem Haven
Messaggi: 13526
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#6 |
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Member
Iscritto dal: Feb 2009
Città: Biellese
Messaggi: 84
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Beh d'altronde mi suona strano che questi vogliano osservare quanto un bosone sia un bosone,per me o lo è o non lo è (sovrapposizione di due stati nella funzione d'onda bosone + fermione? Mah...),per cui come diavolo si può definire la percentuale di quanto un bosone risulta un bosone?
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#7 |
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Member
Iscritto dal: Dec 2002
Messaggi: 60
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#8 |
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Bannato
Iscritto dal: May 2001
Città: Versilia
Messaggi: 1503
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leggevo di una teoria che postulava che i bosoni fossero le superparticelle dei fermioni o viceversa
ma non so quanto centri con questa notizia |
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#9 |
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Member
Iscritto dal: Oct 2003
Città: Vermezzo - Fiorenza
Messaggi: 208
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a quanto ne so si parla di superparticelle in relazione alla supersimmetria, e la supersimmetria implica che ogni bosone abbia un partner supersimmetrico che è un fermione e ogni fermione abbia un partner supersimmetrico che è un bosone...in questo caso non mi sembra che la notizia tratti della scoperta di un partner supersimmetrico di qualsivoglia particella conosciuta, anche perchè se no sarebbe stata una scoperta notevole
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La conservazione della quantità di moto non è garantita nei parcheggi incustoditi Un corpo che viaggia di moto rettilineo uniforme nel vuoto assoluto, dopo un paio d'ore comincia a scassars u'cazz |
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#10 |
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Bannato
Iscritto dal: May 2001
Città: Versilia
Messaggi: 1503
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si quella è la versione "classica" (si fa per dire) dove c'è il selettrone squark ecc ecc ...
mmm leggevo però di una teoria che diceva che le particelle conosciute hanno superparticelle in altre particelle già conosciute es fotone "superparticella" neutrino higgs ---> elettrone ecc ecc però ripeto, sicuramente non centra niente con l'articolo |
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#11 |
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Senior Member
Iscritto dal: Apr 2002
Città: PD
Messaggi: 11760
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A me pare che abbiano cercato di dimostrare sperimentalmente che i fotoni seguono la statistica di Bose-Einstein , cosa che è data per scontata dalla teoria ma non è dimostrata e potrebbe anche non essere vera in alcuni scenari .
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Ph'nglui mglw'nafh Cthulhu R'lyeh wgah'nagl fhtagn |
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Tutti gli orari sono GMT +1. Ora sono le: 23:50.












Anche perche' ho scoperto cosa sono bosoni e fermioni... leggendo questo post!









