SaettaC
25-09-2005, 14:08
Spunto da un altro thread... Facciamo il punto della situazione.
Dati scientifici: fonte pubmed (quindi direi "abbastanza" (:asd: )autorevole).
The course of HIV infection has changed dramatically since the beginning of the epidemic. In Germany, 19 antiretrovirally active substances are available. They prevent viral penetration into the cell, inhibit the reverse transcriptase or the protease that are necessary to release infectious viral particles. According to German-Austrian therapy guidelines highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) should be started at the onset of HIV-related symptoms and/or when the CD4 cell count is < 350/microl. Patients should be treated in specialized centers because of the complexity of HIV infection and its management. For monitoring, CD4 cell counts and viral load are determined. Potential reasons for therapeutic failure include drug interactions, resistance, or compliance problems.
One of the major challenges raised by HIV chemotherapy is the insurgence of viral resistance to drugs. Resistance to antiviral therapy has been observed for each of the different classes of anti-viral drugs: nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors. The crucial question for AIDS drug research community is: Should we continue the search of new anti-HIV drugs which can overcome HIV resistance insurgence or should we consider resistance to anti-HIV drugs as a futile challenge? This review, focussed specifically on HIV antiprotease drugs, highlights the different strategies which have been developed to design new anti-protease drugs which could overcome HIV resistance, and also reviews the different classes of compounds (peptidomimetic or non-peptidomimetic) actually under investigation in order to face the problem of HIV resistance to drug.
Antibodies: can they protect against HIV infection?
Mc Cann CM, Song RJ, Ruprecht RM.
Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
More than 20 million people have died since the discovery of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), yet a broadly reactive AIDS vaccine remains elusive. Neutralizing antibody (nAb) response-based vaccine strategies were the first to be tested; however, when the difficulty in neutralizing primary HIV isolates was recognized, vaccine development focused instead on generating cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Recently, interest in anti-HIV nAbs has been revived by the impressive protection achieved in primates given passive immunization with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nmAbs) isolated from HIV clade B-infected individuals. The nmAbs used in these studies target conserved, functionally important epitopes in HIV gp120 and gp41. Regimens involving combinations of such human nmAbs or high-dose single-agent nmAb protected monkeys against intravenous (iv) and mucosal challenges with simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) strains encoding X4, X4R5 or R5 HIV env genes. In several such studies, sterilizing immunity was achieved, thus providing proof-of-concept that nAbs targeting conserved epitopes can be fully protective. The existence of these broadly reactive nmAbs suggests that it may be possible to design immunogens capable of inducing similar nAb responses by active vaccination. Unraveling the three-dimensional structures involved in the nmAb-HIV Env epitope interactions may facilitate the future development of a potent AIDS vaccine. This review is focused on the importance of nAbs in protecting against HIV infection or in containing viral spread, with particular emphasis on the successful use of nmAbs in passive immunization studies. The implications of the data from these studies on AIDS vaccine design in general are also discussed.
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Un paio di articoli introduttivi, e un articolo che parla della possibilità dell'uso di particolari anticorpi per la terapia.
Ora, so bene che sarebbe una discussione da "scienza e tecnica", ma la mia domanda è: "avete dubbi sulla letteratura (oltre 130.000 articoli sull'aids e 185.000 sull'HIV) scientifica di questi anni? Secondo voi è tutto falso? L'aids esiste o no?"
Quindi è una domanda più sull'esistenza del problema, che sulla sia natura scientifica.
La scienza ci dice quello di cui sopra (oddio, sono 3 articoli su millemila :sofico: ), voi le credete?
Chi ha partecipato all'altro thread capirà... ;)
Dati scientifici: fonte pubmed (quindi direi "abbastanza" (:asd: )autorevole).
The course of HIV infection has changed dramatically since the beginning of the epidemic. In Germany, 19 antiretrovirally active substances are available. They prevent viral penetration into the cell, inhibit the reverse transcriptase or the protease that are necessary to release infectious viral particles. According to German-Austrian therapy guidelines highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) should be started at the onset of HIV-related symptoms and/or when the CD4 cell count is < 350/microl. Patients should be treated in specialized centers because of the complexity of HIV infection and its management. For monitoring, CD4 cell counts and viral load are determined. Potential reasons for therapeutic failure include drug interactions, resistance, or compliance problems.
One of the major challenges raised by HIV chemotherapy is the insurgence of viral resistance to drugs. Resistance to antiviral therapy has been observed for each of the different classes of anti-viral drugs: nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors. The crucial question for AIDS drug research community is: Should we continue the search of new anti-HIV drugs which can overcome HIV resistance insurgence or should we consider resistance to anti-HIV drugs as a futile challenge? This review, focussed specifically on HIV antiprotease drugs, highlights the different strategies which have been developed to design new anti-protease drugs which could overcome HIV resistance, and also reviews the different classes of compounds (peptidomimetic or non-peptidomimetic) actually under investigation in order to face the problem of HIV resistance to drug.
Antibodies: can they protect against HIV infection?
Mc Cann CM, Song RJ, Ruprecht RM.
Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
More than 20 million people have died since the discovery of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), yet a broadly reactive AIDS vaccine remains elusive. Neutralizing antibody (nAb) response-based vaccine strategies were the first to be tested; however, when the difficulty in neutralizing primary HIV isolates was recognized, vaccine development focused instead on generating cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Recently, interest in anti-HIV nAbs has been revived by the impressive protection achieved in primates given passive immunization with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nmAbs) isolated from HIV clade B-infected individuals. The nmAbs used in these studies target conserved, functionally important epitopes in HIV gp120 and gp41. Regimens involving combinations of such human nmAbs or high-dose single-agent nmAb protected monkeys against intravenous (iv) and mucosal challenges with simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) strains encoding X4, X4R5 or R5 HIV env genes. In several such studies, sterilizing immunity was achieved, thus providing proof-of-concept that nAbs targeting conserved epitopes can be fully protective. The existence of these broadly reactive nmAbs suggests that it may be possible to design immunogens capable of inducing similar nAb responses by active vaccination. Unraveling the three-dimensional structures involved in the nmAb-HIV Env epitope interactions may facilitate the future development of a potent AIDS vaccine. This review is focused on the importance of nAbs in protecting against HIV infection or in containing viral spread, with particular emphasis on the successful use of nmAbs in passive immunization studies. The implications of the data from these studies on AIDS vaccine design in general are also discussed.
---------------------------------------------------------------
Un paio di articoli introduttivi, e un articolo che parla della possibilità dell'uso di particolari anticorpi per la terapia.
Ora, so bene che sarebbe una discussione da "scienza e tecnica", ma la mia domanda è: "avete dubbi sulla letteratura (oltre 130.000 articoli sull'aids e 185.000 sull'HIV) scientifica di questi anni? Secondo voi è tutto falso? L'aids esiste o no?"
Quindi è una domanda più sull'esistenza del problema, che sulla sia natura scientifica.
La scienza ci dice quello di cui sopra (oddio, sono 3 articoli su millemila :sofico: ), voi le credete?
Chi ha partecipato all'altro thread capirà... ;)